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1 clearance between rolls
Техника: раствор валковУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > clearance between rolls
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2 clearance between rolls
Англо-русский словарь по прокатке металлов > clearance between rolls
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3 clearance
3) строит. габарит; расстояние в свету5) ж.-д. габарит7) возд. клиренс8) возд. запас высоты9) возд. разрешение на действия в полёте10) задний угол ( резца)11) эл. воздушный промежуток12) эл. изоляционный промежуток, изоляционное расстояние13) вчт. установка в исходное состояние; сброс•clearance not within limits — зазор не соответствует допуску;to misjudge clearance — неправильно оценивать запас высоты над препятствием;to obtain a clearance — получать разрешение ( на полёт)-
actual clearance
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adjusting clearance
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air traffic control clearance
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air traffic clearance
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air-gap clearance
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allowable clearance
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approach clearance
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axial end clearance
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axial clearance
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bearer clearance
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bearing oil clearance
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border flight clearance
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bottom clearance
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bridge clearance
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chip clearance
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clamp slot clearance
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clearance of an aircraft
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cold clearance
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conductor clearance to earth
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conductor-to-tower clearance
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customs clearance
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debris clearance
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departure clearance
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desired clearance
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diametral clearance
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door clearance
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dump bucket clearance
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electrode clearance
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end clearance
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en-route clearance
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entry clearance
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excessive clearance
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exit and entrance clearance
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expansion clearance
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extra clearance
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extreme clearance
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filter cartridge removal clearance
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flange-to-rail clearance
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flank clearance
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flight clearance
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frame clearance
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Fresnel clearance
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gap clearance
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ground clearance
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height clearance
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horizontal clearance
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initial clearance
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insufficient clearance
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joint clearance
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landing clearance
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mast net working clearance
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nozzle clearance
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obstacle clearance
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obstruction clearance
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operating clearance
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overhead clearance
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pad-to-rotor clearance
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path clearance
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permissible clearance
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phase-to-ground clearance
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phase-to-phase clearance
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platform clearance at drilling draft
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precision clearance
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radial clearance
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railroad clearance
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reduced clearance
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restrictive clearance
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rim clearance
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ring back clearance
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ring side clearance
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running clearance
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safety clearance
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security clearance
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shoe-to-drum clearance
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side bearing clearance
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side clearance
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standard clearance
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structural clearance
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takeoff clearance
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taxi clearance
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terrain clearance
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thread clearance
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tool base clearance
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tool clearance
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tool normal clearance
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tooth clearance
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track clearance
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unbalanced clearance
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underbridge clearance
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under clearance
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unequal clearance
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uniform clearance
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valve clearance
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vertical clearance
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washer clearance
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width clearance
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working clearance
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working normal clearance
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working orthogonal clearance
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zero clearance -
4 roll clearance
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5 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
[br]b. 26 January 1885 London, Englandd. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England[br]English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.[br]Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.Bibliography1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.Further ReadingSir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.JBBiographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
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